UNIVERSAL AND NATIONAL-SPECIFIC IN THE SOCIAL COMPONENT OF WORD SEMANTICS (BASED ON THE MATERIAL OF GERMAN, RUSSIAN AND UZBEK LANGUAGES)

Abstract

The article considers the problem of the universal and national-specific in the social component of word semantics based on the material of German, Russian and Uzbek languages. A comparative analysis of lexical-semantic groups of words with a social component in three languages with different structures is carried out. Both universal features and cultural-specific features in the linguistic representation of social reality are revealed. The main semantic means and mechanisms for the formation of the social component of lexical meaning are determined. The results of the study contribute to the development of problems of social semantics and intercultural communication. Particular attention is paid to the classification of the speech portrait in three aspects: from the point of view of the volume of speech characteristics, typicality/atypicality of speech features and their level orientation. The need to introduce a new typology of educational and language tasks to improve the sociolinguistic competence of students in learning German is substantiated. It is emphasized that sociolects are not integral communication systems, but speech features at the lexical, phraseological and syntactic levels.